Nathan,

Simply by removing the DataSource from the codebehind (update button click) and connecting the ListView to the Controller DataSourceID, which works correctly with databound gridviews, etc.  This is the Select_All code from within controller, but nothing would have changed:

<DataObjectMethod(DataObjectMethodType.Select)> _
Public Shared Function TableName_SelectAll(ByVal ModuleId As Integer) As List(Of TableNameInfo)
Return CBO.FillCollection(Of TableNameInfo)(CType(DataProvider.Instance().ExecuteReader("TableName_SelectAll", ModuleId), IDataReader))
End Function

So by removing the DataSource, and connecting the DataSourceID, it should simply switch to the controller controls.
The controller Select_All uses the code above and a standard Select_All stored procedure:

 TableName_SelectAll
@ModuleId int
AS
 SELECT     ID, ModuleId, PortalID, UserID, ProductID, FieldName....
 FROM          TableName
 WHERE     (ModuleId = @ModuleId)
 ORDER BY  FieldName
 RETURN

I tried editing the stored procedure WHERE statement as well, but when the error occurs (by clicking update), it still refers to ModuleId.
Anything I still might be leaving out?

Nathan,

When the controller is being used, there is no need for ascx.vb codebehind of sql button commands, rather the controller.vb takes care of this.
When using the controller, an ObjectDataSource must be present within ascx:

<asp:ObjectDataSource ID="ObjectDataSource_ModuleName" runat="server" DataObjectTypeName="CompanyName.DNN.Modules.ModuleName.Business.ModuleNameInfo" DeleteMethod="ModuleName_Delete" InsertMethod="ModuleName_Insert" OldValuesParameterFormatString="original_{0}" OnInit="Page_Load" SelectMethod="ModuleName_SelectAll" TypeName="CompanyName.DNN.Modules.ModuleName.Business.ModuleNameController" UpdateMethod="ModuleName_Update">
<SelectParameters>
<asp:Parameter DefaultValue="00" Name="ModuleId" Type="Int32" />
</SelectParameters>
</asp:ObjectDataSource>

As I mentioned, I am using the controller actively with other components and the Select_All is not an issue.
I've been able to isolate the error to the <SelectParameters></SelectParameters> section of the code.  This is the "ModuleId" it refers to in error.

A critical error has occurred.
ObjectDataSource 'ObjectDataSource_TableName' could not find a non-generic method 'TableName_SelectAll' that has parameters: ModuleId.

Any suggestions?