I'll give a general "high-level" answer for this. Yes.
Going to use a term "Module" throughout this email -- that is essentially a miniature, standalone, pluggable program for your website. All DNN sites are made up of multiple modules and instances of those modules.
Out of the box (and with no 3rd Party modules), DNN will support all but the "Feedback" bulleted item -- that is, the CAPTCHA part. However, I believe there are some 3rd party alternatives out there with CAPTCHA support on the feedback module.
Templates are "containers" and "skins" and the Text/HTML module also supports defining "templates" for content inside of them (though I've honestly never used that feature, so I don't know quite how that part works). The majority of templating though, as mentioned, is done through the module containers and the page skins.
The navigation system is automatically populated from the pages on your site and allows you to "hide" pages from general view as well as tie their access to a user's security access. You can use horizontal and vertical menus as well as tree menus out of the box, and then there are several providers of 3rd party methods such as "Slide Menus", "accordians", etc.
All modules and pages can be secured down to specific security roles for access. In v5 (Cambrian) they will be adding the ability to DENY certain roles in addition to the current "inclusive" model for security. This will be great because you can say that all "Registered Users" see this unless they are also a "Blacklisted Member" (or something like that).
Calendar module (events) is available built in... they are doing a lot of work on it but depending on what you want out of it you may need to look into a 3rd party alternative.
Document storage is available in several different ways natively and through 3rd party support.
All content can be given a "Start" and "End" date as well as a combination of the two. Allows you to create content ahead of time and have it only show up when you need it. Certain modules also support this functionality internally such as the "Announcements" module.
Good luck!