If you plan to have your module used only once, on one single page and never again in any other portal (for testing or otherwise) you might get away without the ModuleID. If you have complete control of SQL with a licensed copy and can create your own databases you might get away without the objectQualifier. App code is fine for playing, but any real modules should be compiled into DLLs and separated by respective layers (UI (User Interface), BL (Business Logic), DA (Data Access). This is a common best practice and will be much easier to maintain in the future, by you or anyone else.
There is no guarantee that your test environment will work in a production environment unless you follow the best practices and framework rules for DNN.
Lastly, if you are on a tight deadline you should prepare yourself for a large learning curve. Sure you can make some things happen in a morning, but realistically you are looking at months of programming and understanding before you become proficient with any website framework.The truth is that there is no easy path because many different and dependent components are involved (DotNetNuke, IIS, SQL, LINQ, Visual Studio, ASP.NET, VB.NET, security, permissions, skinning, Javascript, AJAX, HTML, CSS, etc.)