if you want to use multiple languages on your DNN website, you need to either install a 3rd party ML solution or enable built-in content localization and activate it for your site. the seccond option will duplicate all pages and modules per language and you may use page settings in original language to manage localization of existing modules on the page. There is also a management module on codeplex from Sasha Trauwaen, which may help with managing this stuff.

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Cheers from Germany,
Sebastian Leupold

   

Speed up your DNN Websites with TurboDNN

Paul, I did some beta tests of the core solution (DNN 5.5.0), reported a number of issues in the concept and implementation. From the bug tracker, I am aware that a couple of implementation bugs have been fixed, but I haven't had time for an in-depth investigation within the recent versions, I apologize (due to preferring different solutions for my clients). Aswering your questions as good as I can:
1. you need to go to page settings of the page in orig. language and mark module to be "ready for translation" - if not "detached". AFAIK there is no option to connect existing modules in multiples languages.
2. this sound weird and might be caused by caching or issues in lanugage management. this is difficult to answer without detailed information about the circumstances
3. there might be some information in the Wiki, but to be simple, a detached module does not need translation, while other modules are need to be translated to show up in other language. Note: multilingual modules (like the ones from Apollo, Locopon, Effority and dnnWerk) are not supported by the core implementation.

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Cheers from Germany,
Sebastian Leupold

   

Speed up your DNN Websites with TurboDNN